| Country | Timely | Temporary | Tailored | Targeted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇩🇪 Germany | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | ✓ | — | — | — |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | — | ✓ | — | ✓ |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | ✓ | — | — | — |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | ✓ | — | — | — |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | — | — | — | — |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | ✓ | — | ✓ | — |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | — | — | — | — |
| 🇫🇷 France | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | ✓ | — | — | — |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | ✓ | — | — | — |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | — | — | — | — |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | — | — | — | — |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | — | — | ✓ | ✓ |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | — | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | — | — | — | — |
| Country | Announced cost | % of GDP ↓ | Budget balance | 4Ts score | Entry into force |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇲🇹 Malta | € 250 M | 1.30% | Budget Deficit: -2,2% | 0/4 TiTeTlTg | — |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | € 450 M | 0.60% | Budget Deficit: -3,0% | 1/4 TiTeTlTg | 10 March 2026 |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | € 200 M | 0.50% | Budget Surplus: +3,4% | 1/4 TiTeTlTg | 26 March 2026 |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | € 5 bn | 0.40% | Budget Deficit: -2,4% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 21-22 March 2026 |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | € 800 M | 0.32% | Budget Surplus: +1,7% | 1/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | € 1.6 bn | 0.27% | Budget Deficit: -1,3% | 0/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 May 2026 |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | € 225 M | 0.20% | Budget Deficit: -3,5% | 3/4 TiTeTlTg | 27 March 2026 |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | € 450 M | 0.17% | Budget Surplus: +0,7% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | € 755 M | 0.12% | Budget Surplus: +1,8% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 24 March 2026 |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | € 30–40 M | 0.10% | Budget Deficit: -2,0% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 22 March 2026 |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | € 1.1 bn | 0.09% | Budget Deficit: -1,6% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 20 April 2026 |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | € 750 M | 0.08% | Budget Deficit: -7,3% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 31 March 2026 |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | € 30 M | 0.07% | Budget Deficit: -2,5% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | € 1.2 bn | 0.05% | Budget Deficit: -3,1% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 19 March 2026 |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | € 1.6 B | 0.04% | Budget Deficit: -2,7% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇫🇷 France | € 1.2 bn | 0.04% | Budget Deficit: -5,1% | 4/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | € 120 M | 0.03% | Budget Deficit: -7,9% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | € 23 M | 0.03% | Budget Deficit: -2,5% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 22 March 2026 |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | € 50 M | 0.02% | Budget Deficit: -4,7% | 1/4 TiTeTlTg | 10 March 2026 |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | € 15 M | 0.02% | Budget Deficit: -1,8% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 1 April 2026 |
| 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | € 80 M | 0.02% | Budget Deficit: -2,1% | 1/4 TiTeTlTg | 8 April 2026 |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | € 80 M | 0.01% | Budget Deficit: -5,2% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | — |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | € 37 M | — | Budget Deficit: -4,2% | 1/4 TiTeTlTg | 2 April 2026 |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | — | — | Budget Surplus: +2,9% | 0/4 TiTeTlTg | — |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | — | — | Budget Deficit: -3,4% | 0/4 TiTeTlTg | Mid-March 2026 |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | — | — | Budget Deficit: -2,0% | 0/4 TiTeTlTg | — |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | — | — | Budget Deficit: -4,5% | 2/4 TiTeTlTg | 19 March 2026 |
This tracker catalogs and analyzes measures adopted by EU Member States in response to the energy shock following the Middle East conflict. It is designed for biweekly updates tracking the conflict's evolution and related political responses. The link is updated directly on the Institut Jacques Delors website.
Each Member State is classified by measure nature: targeted, non-targeted, or mixed. A country is "targeted" when most measures focus on specific groups like low-income households or vulnerable economic sectors (e.g., income-threshold aid or farm subsidies). Non-targeted measures apply universally to the entire population. Sectoral measures are included in the targeted category as they address specific activity sectors by definition. "Mixed" covers countries combining targeted and non-targeted measures.
Each Member State has an individual profile including: ruling political coalition and next election dates to contextualize choices against electoral timelines; measure start/end dates (some extendable by regulation); estimated costs as reported by government (monthly, cumulative, or expenditure caps). A temporality filter (top right) compares durations across countries.
Electrification rate shown 2014–2024 with 2021 reference to illustrate evolution from the 2022 energy crisis to present. 2025 electricity mix from Ember data ensures comparability, assessing fossil fuel dependence (especially gas) and relative vulnerability to the energy shock.
Active measures grouped into eight categories: price caps (daily ceilings, freezes, or fuel maximums); fiscal measures for energy sectors (VAT/excise cuts or tax hike deferrals); margin regulation (anti-speculation tracking or commercial margin caps); sectoral measures targeting exposed sectors like transport, agriculture, or fisheries; social protection (household compensation or home energy price caps); sobriety/rationing; supply security; electrification (EV/heat pump incentives or industry electrification support). Top-right filters isolate each category.
Price data from the European Commission's Weekly Oil Bulletin, selected for uniform Member State coverage and weekly frequency. Readings show pre-conflict vs. latest available, measuring pump price evolution since crisis onset.
Aggregate dashboard shows the 2025 EU electricity mix and total announced measures by Member States, plus fossil import surcharges. Interpret total cautiously due to heterogeneous reporting: some monthly costs, others cumulative or unspent caps. This limits strict comparability. Final ranking compares countries by measure cost, GDP share, budget balance (deficit/surplus), and rollout date.
The Sources tab lists all references used. Information systematically cross-verified from official public sources and national media for reliability.
Data reflects measures active as of June 4, 2025. Tracker produced for Institut Jacques Delors publication War in Iran: a hundred days in, sixty billion out
Recommended citation: Moscovici, A., Nguyen, P.-V., "War in Iran: a hundred days in, sixty billion out". Policy brief, Institut Jacques Delors, June 2026
For questions or further information: moscovici@delorsinstitute.eu